| 王慧玲,张青松,杨显辉,刘伟.美国社会药房疫苗管理的经验及借鉴[J].中国药事,2022,36(6):705-712 |
| 美国社会药房疫苗管理的经验及借鉴 |
| Experience and References of Vaccine Management in American Community Pharma |
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| DOI：10.16153/j.1002-7777.2022.06.014 |
| 中文关键词: 美国 执业药师 社会药房 疫苗管理 预防接种 |
| 英文关键词: the United States pharmacist community pharmacy vaccine administration preventive vaccination |
| 基金项目:河南省卫生健康委员会河南省医学教育研究项目旨向基层慢病药学服务人才培养的高职药物商品学课程重构研究(编号 wjlx2019263)； 河南省科学技术厅基于公共卫生服务能力提升的社会药房发展策略研究(编号 212400410249) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：完善我国疫苗管理体系，为我国零售药店参与疫苗管理并提高我国疫苗接种的可及性提供参考。方法：检索美国联邦及州政府网站，内容包括疫苗管理现状、社会药房储存疫苗所需条件、执业药师准入资格和/及继续教育、疫苗管理费、相关保险制度等方面。结果：20世纪90年代，美国社会药房开始参与疫苗管理，截至2020年美国政府已授权50个州的社会药房管理绝大多数疫苗；执业药师获得管理疫苗的准入资格后需定时参加继续教育；美国社会药房对疫苗储存温度等环境要求极其严格，并建立一系列措施使执业药师参与疫苗管理，如接种前培训、储存疫苗、制定应对预防接种异常反应计划以及在系统上报接种异常反应事件等。结论：上述措施极大提高了美国疫苗接种可及性。而我国零售药店尚未参与疫苗管理，建议相关部门在明确执业药师疫苗管理准入资格基础上，根据药店分类分级政策逐步实施零售药店参与疫苗管理，完善疫苗异常反应补偿机制，逐渐实现零售药店管理疫苗，更好地挖掘零售药店执业药师潜力并发挥其最大作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective: To improve the vaccine management system in China, provide references for retail pharmacies involvement in vaccine management in China, and improve the accessibility of vaccination in China. Methods: The websites of federal and state governments in the United States were searched for information on the current situation of vaccine administration, the requirements for storing vaccines in social pharmacies, admission qualifications for licensed pharmacists, continuing education, vaccine administration fees, relevant insurance systems, etc. Results: Pharmacists in American social pharmacies began to participate in vaccine administration in 1990s. By 2020, the US government had authorized social pharmacies in 50 states to manage most vaccines. Pharmacists should regularly participate in continuing education after obtaining the access qualifi cation to managevaccines. American social pharmacies have strict environmental requirements on vaccine storage temperature, and have established a series of measures to enable licensed pharmacists to participate in vaccine administration, such as pre-vaccination training, vaccine storage, making plans to deal with adverse reactions, and reporting adverse reaction events on the system. Conclusion: These measures have greatly improved the accessibility of vaccination in the United States. However, retail pharmacies in China have not yet participated in vaccine management, it is suggested that relevant departments should gradually implement participation of the retail pharmacies in vaccine management according to the classifi cation and grading policy of pharmacies on the basis of clear vaccine management approval of licensed pharmacists, improve the compensation mechanism for abnormal vaccine reactions, and gradually realize vaccine management of retail pharmacies, so as to better tap the potential of retail pharmacies and licensed pharmacists and give full play to their maximum role. |
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