| 杜雪,郭美玲,刘洋,徐飞.人参等10种中药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素测定[J].中国药事,2018,32(10):1354-1361 |
| 人参等10种中药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素测定 |
| Determination of Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in Ginseng and Other 9 Kinds of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Decoction Pieces |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-12 |
| DOI：10.16153/j.1002-7777.2018.10.008 |
| 中文关键词: 中药材及饮片 重金属 ICP-MS 微波消解法 |
| 英文关键词: Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces heavy metal ICP-MS microwave digestion method |
| 基金项目:国家药典委员会项目-中药材和饮片中重金属及有害元素限量标准研究（编号ZG-2016-1） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定人参、白茅根、白头翁、苍术、大黄、骨碎补、苦参、龙胆、红参、肉苁蓉10种中药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素的含量。方法：采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理，电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法对500批中药材及饮片中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种重金属及有害元素进行含量测定，并对样品中镍、铬、钡3种金属元素含量进行考察，应用SPSS19.0软件对数据结果进行统计学分析。结果：同一品种8种元素测定值与来源（野外采集、基地种植与市售饮片）及产地无明显相关性。500批样本测定结果显示：铅、镉、砷、汞、铜元素总超标率分别为6.60%、25.20%、1.00%、0.00%、0.40%；元素残留量与药材品种存在一定的相关性，镉元素在白头翁、苍术、骨碎补、龙胆药材中容易蓄积，而铅元素易在白头翁药材中蓄积残留，导致残留量较高。大黄、白头翁、龙胆中钡元素、镍元素、铬元素含量均明显高于其他品种。汞均未超出0.2 mg·kg-1；除5批样本外，砷均未超出2 mg·kg-1；除2批样本外，铜均未超出20 mg·kg-1，表明上述10种中药材及饮片中砷、汞、铜元素残留方面的安全隐患较低。结论：有必要对中药材及饮片中部分重金属元素的含量加以监管，以保证中药的品质和临床用药安全。该方法准确、简便、灵敏，可为中药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素的检测与控制提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective: To determine the contents of heavy metals and harmful elements in the 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces, such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Imperatae Rhizoma, Pulsatillae Radix, Atractylodes macrocephalae Rhizome, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Drynariae Rhizoma, Sophora flavescens Radix, Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra, Cistanches Herba by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion method. Five kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper in 500 batches of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces were determined by ICP-MS. The contents of three kinds of metal elements such as nickel, chromium and antimony in the sample were also investigated and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS19.0 software. Results: There was no significant correlation between the measured values of the eight elements of the same variety and the source (field collection, base planting and commercial decoction pieces) and the place of origin. The results of 500 batches of samples showed that the total unqualified rates of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper were 6.60%, 25.20%, 1.00%, 0.00%, and 0.40%, respectively. The residual amount of the elements had a certain correlation with the kinds of the Chinese medicinal materials. The cadmium element was prone to accumulate in Pulsatilla, Atractylodes, C. sinensis, and gentian medicinal materials, and the lead element was prone to accumulate in Pulsatilla chinensis, resulting in high residual amount. The contents of rhodium, nickel and chrome elements in rhubarb, pulsatilla and gentian were significantly higher than those of other varieties. The content of mercury element did not exceed 0.2 mg·kg-1. Except for 5 batches of samples, the content of the arsenic element did not exceed 2 mg·kg-1. Except for 2 batches of samples, the content of the copper element did not exceed 20 mg·kg-1, indicating that the safety hazard of arsenic, mercury and copper residues in the above 10 Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces was low. Conclusion: It is necessary to control the content of some heavy metal elements in Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the safety of clinical medication. The method is accurate, simple, and sensitive and can provide references for the detection and control of heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces. |
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