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纳米材料生殖发育毒性特点及体外替代模型的应用 |
Reproductive and developmental toxicity of nanomaterials and application of alternative test systems |
投稿时间:2020-03-31 修订日期:2020-09-02 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 纳米材料,生殖发育毒性,体外替代模型 |
英文关键词: nanomaterials reproductive and developmental toxicity alternative test systems |
基金项目:国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09201017-001) |
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中文摘要: |
纳米材料是物质结构在三维空间中至少有一维处于纳米尺度的新型材料,具有比表面效应、小尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应等独特的性质,在生物医疗领域应用广泛。随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料的生殖发育毒性问题受到越来越多的关注。金属纳米材料可引起大鼠生殖器官结构改变、功能受损,还可进入胎儿体内直接影响或通过干扰胎盘的生长发育间接影响胎儿发育。而纳米载体药物相比于普通药物,生物分布特征的改变可能使其生殖器官及胚胎毒性减弱。随着动物福利3R原则的推行,国内外已建立多种体外替代方法用于生殖发育毒性评价,其中,胚胎干细胞试验(EST)、全胚胎培养技术(WEC)、斑马鱼模型、线虫在纳米材料生殖发育毒性评估中有良好的适用性。 |
英文摘要: |
Nanomaterials are substances with at least one dimensionof nanoscale. They manifest unique properties such as surface effect, small size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect.They have been widely used in the field of biological medicine.With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the reproductive and developmental toxicity of nanomaterials has become to an issue that can"t be ignored.Metal nanomaterials may cause structural changes and functional impairment of reproductive organs in rats.They can also affect fetal development by directly entering the fetus, or indirectly affecting placentafunctions.The toxicity of reproductive organs or embryos of nanomedicines may reduce because of the altered biological distributioncompared to ordinary medicines.A variety of alternative test systemsfor reproductive toxicity evaluation have been established with the implementation of the 3R principle of animal welfare, among which embryonic stem cell test (EST), whole embryo culture (WEC), zebrafish model and caenorhabditis elegans showed good applicability in the evaluation of nanomaterials. |
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