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| 早产儿疫苗接种研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Immunization of Preterm Infants |
| 投稿时间：2019-11-15 修订日期：2019-11-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 疫苗，早产儿，免疫效果，安全性，耐受性 |
| 英文关键词: vaccine, preterm infant, immune response, immunogenicity, safety, tolerability |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：疫苗的免疫程序和疫苗使用指导原则是保证疫苗免疫效果的重要环节，也是《疫苗管理法》的重要内容之一。早产儿免疫系统发育不成熟，对于各种疫苗免疫反应低于足月儿，以往国内对此问题关注较少。本综述为制定早产儿免疫程序提供参考。方法：本文对在早产儿中使用灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百日咳-白喉-破伤风疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、肺炎链球菌疫苗、脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗和流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、轮状病毒疫苗、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘疫苗等疫苗的免疫效果、安全性及耐受性研究进展进行了归纳整理。结果：本文对早产儿在接种不同疫苗、采取不同免疫策略时体液免疫和细胞免疫效果进行了归纳总结，结果表明虽然早产儿的免疫功能相对较弱，但参照足月新生儿免疫方案接种疫苗后，大部分早产儿可以具有足够的免疫保护力。结论：本文为疫苗免疫程序的制定提供更全面的理解，为制定疫苗使用指导原则提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective: The immunization procedure and guidelines of vaccine are the important parts to ensure vaccine immunity effect, and are also one of the important contents of the Vaccine Administration Law of the People"s Republic of China. The immune system of preterm infants is immature and the immune response to various vaccines is lower than that of term infants. Only a few previous researches have been conducted in China. This review provides a reference for developing immunization procedures for preterm infants. Methods: The studies and developments on immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of inactivated polio vaccine, diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, meningococcal vaccines and haemophilus influenzae B conjugate vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine in preterm infants were summarized. Results: This paper summarizes the humoral immunity and cellular immunity effects of preterm infants with different vaccines and different immune strategies. The results show that although the immune function of preterm infants is relatively weak, the vaccination program for term infants can also provide sufficient immune protection to preterm infants. Conclusion: This article presents a more comprehensive understanding for the development of vaccine immunization procedures and provides references for the development of guidelines for vaccine usage. |
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