文章摘要
张志琪,赵莹,何恩辉,王君,崔向丽,孙丽莹,朱志军.儿童肝移植受者疫苗接种现状问卷调查分析[J].中国药事,2021,35(4):462-470
儿童肝移植受者疫苗接种现状问卷调查分析
A Survey on Vaccination Status among Children Liver Transplant Recipients in China
  
DOI：10.16153/j.1002-7777.2021.04.015
中文关键词: 疫苗  肝移植  儿童  问卷调查
英文关键词: vaccination  liver transplantation  children  questionnaire survey
基金项目:首都卫生发展科研专项(编号首发 2020-1-2024)；北京市医院管理中心2020年培育项目(编号 PG2020002)；国家卫健委卫生技术评估重点实验室2019年度开放基金(编号 FHTA2019-02)
作者单位
张志琪 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院药学部,北京 100050 ；首都医科大学药学院,北京 100069 
赵莹 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院药学部,北京 100050 
何恩辉 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科肝移植中心,移植耐受与器官保护北京市重点实验室,北京 101125 
王君 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科肝移植中心,移植耐受与器官保护北京市重点实验室,北京 101125 
崔向丽 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院药学部,北京 100050 
孙丽莹 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科肝移植中心,移植耐受与器官保护北京市重点实验室,北京 101125 
朱志军 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普外科肝移植中心,移植耐受与器官保护北京市重点实验室,北京 101125 
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中文摘要:
      目的：了解首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肝移植中心儿童受者术前和术后预防接种疫苗的现状及家长对疫苗接种的认知和担忧，为更好地改进儿童肝移植手术前后疫苗接种管理提供参考。方法：对 2013年9月~2020年9月期间在我院接受过肝移植手术的儿童疫苗接种情况进行微信及现场问卷调查，主要从儿童基本信息、儿童疫苗接种现状、家长对疫苗的认知程度、家长对疫苗接种的担忧4个方面进行统计分析。结果：共收集有效问卷171份，接受调查的儿童来自我国25个省、自治区和直辖市。45.61% (88/171)的儿童只在出生时接种了卡介苗和乙肝疫苗第一针，仅有6.43%(11/171)的儿童按计划全部接种了疫苗。家长普遍不清楚儿童在肝移植术后可以接种疫苗的时间(正确率25.15%，43/171)与疫苗种类(正确率78.95%，135/171)。43.86%的家长表示曾通过各种渠道接受过肝移植术后儿童疫苗接种教育，且大部分信息来自于肝移植的医护人员(71.35%，122/171)或家长交流(58.48%，100/171)。在对肝移植术后儿童接种疫苗的担忧中，最让家长们担心的是疫苗接种的安全问题(73.1%，125/171)， 62.57%(107/171)的家长对于接种疫苗会产生不良反应和不接种疫苗会导致感染风险两方面均产生担心。结论：肝移植儿童受者术前和术后普遍存在疫苗接种不完整、不及时的现象，家长对疫苗接种认知程度也普遍偏低且存在各种顾虑。临床及防疫部门应该重视及规范肝移植前后疫苗接种问题，多为家长提供疫苗接种相关知识的普及，以提高患儿疫苗的接种率。
英文摘要:
      Objective: To investigate current situation of preoperative and postoperative vaccination of child recipients in our hospital's liver transplantation center, as well as parents' awareness and concerns about vaccination, so as to provide directions for better improvement of vaccination management in children liver transplantation recipients. Methods: WeChat and on-site questionnaire surveys were conducted on the vaccination status of children who had undergone liver transplantation in our hospital between September 2013 and September 2020, and statistical analysis was conducted from four aspects: basic information of children, current status of children's vaccination, parents' awareness of vaccines, and parents' concerns about vaccination. Results: A total of 171 valid questionnaires were collected, and the children participating in this survey came from 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in China. 45.61% (88/171) of the children received only the first doses of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine at birth, and only 6.43% (11/171) received all the vaccines as planned. Most parents were not clear about the time when children could be vaccinated after liver transplantation (correct rate 25.15%, 43/171) and the type of vaccine (correct rate 78.95%, 135/171). 43.86% of the parents had received the information of vaccination for children after liver transplantation, and most of information came from the doctor(71.35%, 122/171) or the communication between parents(58.48%, 100/171). Among the worries about vaccination of children after liver transplantation, what worried parents most was the safety of vaccination (73.1%, 125/171). 62.57% (107/171) of parents concerned about both the adverse reactions to vaccination and the risk of infection if not taking vaccination. Conclusion: Incomplete and untimely vaccination is common among child recipients of liver transplantation, and most parents have little knowledge of vaccination and always have various concerns. The clinical and epidemic prevention departments should pay attention to the vaccination of children with liver transplantation, and provide parents with the vaccination knowledge in order to increase the vaccination rate of children.
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